Abu Hureyra 1

Stone Artifacts

Type and number
	Level 	Phase	Length in cm	Width in cm	Thickness in cm	Description	
Grinding dishes
(Total 45)
							
73.3126	410	3	9.7	6.6	1.3	Thin concave piece.  Both surfaces smooth with linear striations and red ochre.
 	
73.3146	419	3	7	3.4	1.5	Thin piece, smooth and concave on both surfaces.  Linear striations on one surface. 
	
73.3163	423	2	11.4	5.8	2	Concave piece, smooth on both surfaces; linear striations and traces of red ochre on upper surface.
 	
73.3170	429	2	4.8	5	4	Curved edge of thick dish of quite small diameter with slightly smoothed surfaces.  Striations on top surface, aligned with and oblique to rim.  
 	
73.3172	429	2	9.2	7.3	1.8	Flat base piece of sub-circular dish with sloping side.  Red ochre on upper surface.  Striations on smooth base. 
	
73.3174	429	2	7.6	3.8	2.1	Wedge-shaped piece with smooth surfaces, red ochre on bottom.  Undulating bottom with linear striations on axis of ridges.  Two sets of striations on top at right angles to each other, one aligned with slope of dish surface. 
 	
73.3177	429	2	8.1	5.5	3	Piece with flat base and curved side.  Both surfaces smooth with striations aligned with long axis.
	
73.3209	437	2	5.3	4.3	3.9	Wedge-shaped piece with smooth top surface and partly-smoothed base.  Striations parallel and at right angles to presumed edge on top, right angles to edge on bottom.
	
73.3210	437	2	5	5	4.2	Wedge-shaped piece, smooth with striations on both surfaces.
	
73.3215	438	2	7.8	4.8	1.8	Piece of thin dish, smooth with linear striations on both surfaces.
	
73.3229	428	2	7.5	4	4.5	Concave piece with smooth surfaces.  Red ochre on upper surface, linear striations on lower.
	
73.3232	436	2	24	16.5	1.8	Part of oval concave dish with rounded rim.  Red ochre over entire upper surface and in centre underneath.  Linear striations at 30° to long axis on upper surface.  A few similarly aligned striations underneath with other crosswise striations.  1.336 kg.
	
73.3254	441	2	6.8	5.8	2.5	Wedge-shaped piece, smooth surfaces with linear striations top and bottom.  Red ochre on top. 
	
73.3256	441	2	6.7	7.2	4.3	Piece of straight-edged concave dish on coarse basalt.  Rounded rim, smoothed surfaces.  Striations on upper surface lengthwise and crosswise.
	
73.3258	443	2	4.5	3.4	3	Concave piece of dish.  Smooth surfaces with linear striations parallel to probable long axis.
	
73.3260	442	2	11.9	10.4	3.3	Piece of straight-edged concave dish with rounded rim.  Smooth upper surface with linear striations parallel to edge; a few striations on base.
	
73.3267	445	2	6.7	8.8	2.7	Piece of sub-rectangular concave slab.  Smooth surfaces, lengthwise striations on top.
	
73.3275	445	2	7.5	5	3.5	Edge segment of concave dish.  Smooth with red ochre on both surfaces.  Lengthwise and crosswise striations on upper surface; lengthwise striations on base. 
	
73.3279	447	2	13.5	13	2.2	Edge piece of sub-circular concave dish.  Upper surface smooth with lengthwise striations.
	
73.3283	449	2	9.8	10.1	2.2	Concave piece with smooth upper surface.  Patch of bitumen on top.
	
73.3292	452	2	9.5	7.2	1.7	Piece with red ochre on top and linear striations.  Smooth on both surfaces.
	
73.3324	455	2	8	5	3.1	Wedge-shaped piece of flat-bottomed dish.  Smooth surfaces with linear striations along long axis.
	
73.3326	455	2	9.5	7.2	2.2	Curved edge piece of concave dish with rounded rim.  Upper surface smooth.  Linear striations on both surfaces parallel to edge.
	
73.3327	455	2	10.1	6	1.1	Thin concave piece.  Smooth with linear striations on both surfaces.  Red ochre on bottom.
	
73.3329	455	2	7.5	4.5	1.6	Small concave piece, smoothed on top.  Linear striations on both surfaces.
	
73.3330	455	2	12.5	11.1	3.1	Curved edge of concave dish with rounded rim.  Smooth on top.  Striations on both surfaces at right angles to edge.
	
73.3336	459	2	15	11.2	3.1	Curved corner piece of a dish with straight sides, flat rim and hollowed grinding depression.  Smooth with linear striations on both surfaces.
	
73.3337	459	2	5	3.2	4	Small concave piece.  Smooth surfaces with linear striations.  Red ochre on bottom.
	
73.3339	459	2	7.2	6.4	2	Concave piece, smooth with linear striations on both surfaces.  Trace of red ochre on top.
	
73.3342	459	2	7	6	4.5	Bottom surface of curved dish, pecked smooth.
	
73.3342	459	2	10.5	6.2	3	Piece of concave dish.  Linear striations on upper surface.
	
73.3343	459	2	7	5.6	4.7	Small piece of shallow dish with rounded edge.  Smooth with striations parallel to edge on top, roughly pecked underneath.
	
73.3345	459	2	10.7	7.5	4.9	Piece of thick dish with straight edge.  Smooth on top, and middle of bottom.  Striations on upper surface parallel to edge.
	
73.3345	459	2	7.3	6	3	Piece of flat dish with smooth upper surface.
	
73.3346	459	2	7.3	7.5	2	Flat base piece of hollowed dish.  Both surfaces smooth with linear striations.  Red ochre on bottom.
	
73.3347	459	2	4.6	4	5	Small slab piece, smoothed top and bottom.  Linear striations on top, red ochre on bottom.
	
73.3347	459	2	6	4	2	Curved edge of dish, rounded rim.  Smooth upper surface with striations parallel to edge.
	
73.3352	460	2	5	6.2	1.9	Edge piece with curved rim.  Smooth upper surface with linear striations parallel to edge.  Found with 73.3353-73.3358.
	
73.3354	460	2	6	5.5	3	Piece with smooth upper and lower surfaces.  Red ochre and coarse linear striations on top, finer striations on bottom.  Found with 73.3352, 73.3353, 73.3355-73.3358.
	
73.3356	460	2	12	7.2	3	Curved edge of dish with concave upper surface and flat base.  Smooth surfaces with striations at right angles to edge on top and bottom.  A little red ochre on bottom.  Found with 73.3352-77.3355, 73.3357, 73.3358.
	
73.3357	460	2	6.5	5.5	3.5	Piece of the smooth upper surface of a dish with striations and red ochre.  Found with 73.3352-3356, 73.3358.
	
73.3361	461	1	7.6	4	2	Edge piece with rounded rim of thin dish.  Smooth surfaces with linear striations along long axis.  Red ochre on top surface.
	
73.3412	466	1	6.9	4.8	3	Piece of center of dish.  Smooth base, smooth patches on top.  Two sets of striations on bottom at 40° to each other, irregular striations on top.
	
73.3416	466	1	7.4	3.6	2.9	Piece with smooth top and bottom surfaces,  linear striations on bottom.
	
73.3417	467	1	6.3	4.7	2	Top surface of dish piece, smooth with dense linear striations and traces of red ochre.
	
Querns
(Total 4)
							
73.3252	441	2	6.7	7.5	5.7	Piece with flat grinding surface and curved edge.  Fine-grained basalt.
	
73.3353	460	2	10.2	6.8	6.3	Edge piece with flat upper surface bearing traces of red ochre.  Lower surface slopes concavely towards base.  Found with 73.3352, 73.3354-73.3358.
	
73.3424	470	1	55.2	30.9	7	Trapezoidal with thick narrow butt.  Red ochre on top and bottom surfaces.  13 kg.
	
73.3425	470	1	44.3	24.2	7.5	Trapezoidal.  Grinding surface is slightly concave along both axes, base is gently rounded.  Some smoothing and lengthwise linear striations on top, a few similarly aligned striations on base with a little smoothing and traces of red ochre.
	
Rubbing stones
(Total 21)
							
73.3136	414	3	21.7	9.5	5.8	Plano-convex cross section.  Bottom pecked flat and then heavily worn, with red ochre.  Striations on base, a few on top.  A little hammering at ends.
	
73.3137	413	3	18.2	7.7	3.2	Elongated, sub-rectangular, with oval cross section.  Traces of red ochre.
	
73.3147	419	3	8.5	8.2	5.3	Piece with plano-convex cross section.  Striations on both surfaces, red ochre patch on top.  Burned in fire and cracked.
	
73.3171	429	2	6.3	4.4	3.7	Piece with plano-convex cross section.  Quite coarse basalt but carefully shaped all over.
	
73.3173	429	2	9.3	5	2.3	Oval with plano-convex cross section.  Smooth with oblique striations on flat side.
	
73.3176	429	2	9.1	5.6	3.3	Elliptical pebble with oval cross section.  Flatter face, smooth with striations aligned with short axis, and red ochre.  Longitudinal striations on upper surface.  Ends battered.
	
73.3179	429	2	7	5	4.2	Segment of egg-shaped rubbing stone with oval cross-section.  Smooth on one face with striations oblique to long axis.
	
73.3180	428	2	12.1	5.5	5	Oval pebble worn slightly concave in middle.  Striations on short axis around circumference.  Slightly battered at each end with traces of red ochre.
	
73.3233	439	1	12.3	9.9	5.2	Sub-circular with plano-convex cross section.  Heavy striations on flat surface aligned with short axis, some striations on curved surface.  Ends have traces of hammering.  Red ochre blob on top, stain on bottom.
	
73.3234	439	1	15.7	6.6	2	Oval pebble with oval cross section.  A little polish and lengthwise striations on both faces.
	
73.3253	441	2	8.5	7.9		End of oblong rubbing stone with oval cross section, squared and pecked to shape.  Striations on one face aligned with short axis.
	
73.3257	443	2	9.5	5.8	3.5	Egg-shaped with oval cross section.  Some smoothing on both surfaces with longitudinal striations on top.
	
73.3261	442	2	8	8	5	Squared-off end piece with oval cross section.  A little polish on one face.
	
73.3264	444	2	11.9	9.5	6.5	Sub-rectangular with oval cross section.  Striations lengthwise on one surface, aligned with short axis on the other.  Red ochre on both surfaces.
	
73.3325	455	2	7.2	4.6	1.8	Piece of flat bottom, striations aligned with short axis.
	
73.3333	456	2	8	7	4.6	Piece with flattened oval cross section.  Smooth on bottom, some smoothing on top.  Striations on upper and lower surfaces aligned with long and short axes.
	
73.3344	459	2	7.3	4.8	3.7	Piece with oval cross section.  Some polish on top and bottom.
	
73.3355	460	2	9	7.5	3.6	Half a rubbing stone with oval cross section.  Smoothed on both working faces.  Striations at right angles to long axis and red ochre on one face.  Found with 73.3352-3354, 73.3356-3358.
	
73.3415	468	1	7	8	3.3	Curved end piece with plano-convex cross section.  Smooth on both surfaces with striations aligned with short axis.  Red ochre on both surfaces.
	
73.3418	470	1	8.3	7.5	5.3	Piece with flattened oval cross section.  Striations on both surfaces aligned with short axis.  Red ochre on top.
	
73.3419	465	1	12.5	8.2	3.7	Sub-rectangular with oval cross section.  Traces of red ochre.
	
Mortar
(Total 3)
							
73.3094	398	3	6.1	5.8	3.5	Natural hollow flint nodule used as a mortar.  Traces of heavy wear around rim on inside.  Rim later flaked off on one side.
	
73.3259	442	2	15.5	7.8		Oblong with depression.
	
73.3358	460	2	10.5	7.6	4.6	Limestone piece with a straight edge, vertical side and flat bottom.  Pecked out hollow, quite smooth.  Found with 73.3352-73.3357.
	
Pestles
(Total 5)
							
73.3175	429	2	15.5	6.5	5.9	Tapered with sub-triangular cross section.  Flaking and traces of pounding at both ends.
	
73.3211	437	2	7	4	3.1	Small tapered pestle with elliptic cross section.  Hammering at both ends.  Wide end uneven as though broken off a larger tool, perhaps a rubbing stone.  Some smoothing of both flatter faces on short axis.  Traces of chalk on both ends and on flatter faces.
	
73.3230	428	2	21.5	7.5	6.5	Tapered cyclinder with traces of hammering at both ends.
	
73.3231	428	2	17.5	6.8	6.7	Tapered flattened cylinder with constriction in middle such that the smaller end fits the hand.  Traces of hammering at both ends.
	
73.3290	450	2	16.5	7.2	3.5	Tapered flattened cylinder with elliptic cross section and constriction in middle such that smaller end fits the hand.  Hammering at both ends.  Smoothing on flatter faces and some lengthwise striations.  Patch of red ochre on one face.
	
Hammers
(Total 6)
							
73.3091	399	3	4	4	5.5	Egg-shaped pebble slightly battered at each end.  Surface somewhat smoothed.
	
73.3120	406	3	5.1	5.1	3.8	Sub-cylindrical in shape with heavy pecking around circumference.  Top and bottom polished smooth. 
 	
73.3221	438	2	9.3	4.2	3.5	Elongated pebble with triangular cross section.  Hammering on one longitudinal edge.  Traces of chalk and red ochre.
	
73.3278	446	2	15.5	9.2	5.6	A thick basalt pebble with hammering and red ochre at wide end.
	
73.3291	450	2	6.3	6.3	4.3	Squashed cylinder with heavy pecking around circumference.  Top and bottom polished smooth.  On flint nodule.
	
73.3334	456	2	4.6	4.2	4.2	An egg-shaped flint nodule with a little battering at both ends.  Traces of red ochre.
	
Hammer-chopper
(Total 1)
							
73.3092	398	3	29.4	12	5.5	Reworked rubbing stone.  One end pecked out as a handle.  At the other end one side flaked for use as a hammer-chopper.
	
Stone balls
(Total 8)
			Diameter				
72.582	51	3	4 
		3.4	Flattened top and bottom, roughly pecked out with some surface smoothing.  Red ochre patch.  80 gm.
	
72.585	54	2	3.6
			Sub-spherical pebble with little surface working.  71 gm.
	
72.655	53	2	3.8
		3.2	Flattened top and bottom, pecked out with some surface smoothing.  73 gm.  
	
73.3108	398	3	3
			Small, almost spherical, with slight flattening in one place.  Pecked out and rubbed smooth.  40 gm.
	
73.3122	407	3	3.3
			Small ball found in large mussel shell (8.4 cm long).  43 gm.
	
73.3169	429	2	4.2
		3.7	Flattened on base, pecked all over.  101 gm.	
73.3277	446	2	3
			Small, almost spherical, with traces of original surface top and bottom.  Pecked out.  41 gm.
	
73.3408	462	1	4.2			Spherical, pecked all over.  101 gm.
	
Stone vessels
(Total 4)
							
73.3262	442	2	7.3	5.4	2.8	Piece of open limestone dish with very smooth surfaces.  Cracked by heat.
	
73.3381	396	3	8.4	5	1	Piece of decorated fine-grained basalt bowl.  Grid pattern of vertical and horizontal lines scratched on outside, then separated by deep horizontal grooves.  Two holes drilled near top of piece.  Holes have a biconical cross-section so were drilled from each side.  Surfaces scratched with flint and polished smooth in places.  Traces of burning on bottom.
	
73.3409	463	1	5.9	5.2	2.8	Cupped limonite pebble with traces of surface polish.
	
73.3438	421	3	6	5.8	1.2	Piece of shallow, very fine-grained, basalt dish.  Rim flaked, surfaces polished very smooth.  Two sets of striations inside dish insecting at 110°.
	
Palette
(Total 1)
							
73.3123	408	3	19.1	9.8		A large, plano-convex, river pebble with a patch of red ochre on flat face.  Part of the surface is smooth through use.
	
Bitumen smearer
(Total 1)
							
73.3216	438	2	6.9	4.2	2.5	Tapered chalk bar with oval cross section and bitumen smears on sides and one end.
	
Discs
(Total 5)
							
72.589	54	2	11.5 diameter
		1.4	Half a large chalk disc with flaked edge broken in manufacture.  Unfinished holes with conical section drilled in center from each side.
	
73.3148	418	3	3.4	2	0.6	Piece of thin chalk disc with wide central hole.
	
73.3185   	433	2	3.9 diameter
		0.8	Half a pierced (0.7 diameter hole), well-balanced, chalk disc.  Hole has biconical cross section.  Scratch marks from a flint tool on surface.
	
73.3286	450	2	4.8 diameter
		3	Coarsely flaked natural flint nodule with central hole.
	
73.3382	396	3	4.3 diameter
			Half a pierced (1.3 diameter hole) disc of hard chalk, flint scratches from surface shaping.  Softer when wet: a finger impression on one face.
	
Notched pebbles
(Total 25)
							
73.3090	397	3	7.6	4.3	1	Pair of opposed notches.
	
73.3111	402	3	14.5	6.2	2.4	Pair of opposed notches.
	
73.3125	411	3	10.4	6.9	2	Pair of small notches.  Some surface polish from wear.  229 gm.
	
73.3164	425	2	11.4	8.4	1.3	Pair of opposed notches.  A little wear at each end.  215 gm.
	
73.3165	426	2	9	5.6	2.3	Pair of opposed notches.
	
73.3183	432	2	10.5	6.3	1.1	Thin with pair of opposed notches.  92 gm.
	
73.3186	433	2	13.8	9.3		Thin with irregular outline and pair of opposed notches.  287 gm.
	
73.3188	434	2	10.5	9.5	2.2	Irregular outline and pair of opposed notches.  Found with 73.3189-73.3191.  368 gm.
	
73.3189	434	2	9.6	9.5	2	Almost square, flat, with opposed notches and patch of polish on one face.  Found with 73.3188, 73.3190, 73.3191.  283 gm.
	
73.3190	434	2	12.5	9.2		Heavy, flat, irregular, with pair of opposed notches.  Both ends and part of one edge hammered indicating dual function.  Found with 73.3188, 73.3189, 73.3191.  552 gm.
	
73.3191	434	2	15.9	14	3	Large, irregular, on chalk.  Found with 73.3188-73.3190.  700 gm.
	
73.3213	438	2	7.8	5.8	1.3	Irregular, with pair of notches.  72 gm.
	
73.3214	438	2	9.8	6.8	1.9	Piece of large pebble with one notch.
	
73.3218	438	2	10 	13	3	Rhomboid with pair of opposed, unfinished notches.  Hammering on two corners and part of edge.  Found with 73.3219.  460 gm.
	
73.3219	438	2	10.3	9.8	2.5	One incomplete notch, a little edge hammering.  Found with 73.3218.  351 gm.
	
73.3222	438	2	11.7	9.1	1.5	Large pebble with pair of opposed notches.  Found with 73.3223 and 73.3439.  240 gm.
	
73.3223	438	2	16.5	9.3	2.5	One incomplete notch, a little edge hammering.  Found with 73.3222 and 73.3439.  484 gm.
	
73.3227	437	2	11.2	6.6	2.5	Pair of opposed notches.  263 gm.
	
73.3251	441	2	10.8	8.1	2.3	Pair of opposed notches.  322 gm.
	
73.3266	445	2	7.9	6	2.2	Pair of opposed notches, with notch at apex and flake removed from base.  163 gm.
	
73.3269	445	2	9.9	8.1	2	Pair of opposed notches.  Polish on one face.  240 gm.
	
73.3276	445	2	7.8	6.2	1.5	Small, with pair of opposed notches.  A little battering on one edge and traces of burning at one end.  113 gm.
	
73.3285	449	2	12.1	5.8	2.3	Unfinished example.  Pair of opposed notches, one partly flaked the other a single flake only.  226 gm.
	
73.3410	463	1	8.3	4.1	0.8	Pair of opposed notches and a little flaking at one end.  43 gm.
	
73.3439	438	2				Unworked flat pebble found with 73.3222 and 73.3223.
	
Indented pebble
(Total 1)
							
73.3184	432	2	5.3	3	2	Very smooth oval with notches at each end.  Ends then bevelled by grinding.  Two hollows scratched out on each side.
	
Chipped pebbles
(Total 3)
							
73.3250	441	2	11.8	4.8	1	Narrow, flat, with two flakes removed from one end and a little hammering at the other.  Striations on one face.
	
73.3414	468	1	8.2	2.6	0.8	Narrow, flat, with one flake removed from an end.
	
73.3414	468	1	6.8	2.8	0.9	Narrow, flat, with one flake removed from an end.  Linear striations on one side and end.
	
Pecked pebble
(Total 1)
							
73.3217	438	2	3.2	2.2 diameter
		Small basalt pebble pecked all over to an ellipsoid.
	
Faceted pebble
(Total 1)
							
73.3212	437	2	1.8	1.4	1.2	Polished with numerous facets ground flat.
	
Incised pebbles
(Total 2)							
73.3149	423	2	8.8	2.5	2	Cigar-shaped, of hard chalk with oval cross section.  Traces of hammering at each end. Two sets of lines scratched around circumference towards the ends, more lines scratched lengthwise.
	
73.3228	437	2	2.8 diameter
		1.1	A disc-shaped pebble with polished surface and scratched design.  One line scratched around circumference.  Radial lines scratched from edge of pebble towards center on both sides.  One of these lines bisects face of pebble on one side.
	
Incised chalk piece
(Total 1)
							
73.3423	469	1	3.2	3	1.4	Piece of chalk with grid design scratched on one face.
	
Beads
(Total 6)
							
73.3033	396	3	1.5		0.9	Tiny river snail shell with one natural hole and one pierced.  Traces of wear around its rim.  Shell burned and highly polished.
	
73.3088	396	3	0.8 diameter		0.2	Opaque red stone disc with central hole.
	
73.3095	398	3	1.5	1.2	0.9	Tiny river snail with one pierced hole showing traces of wear around rim.
	
73.3121	408	3	1 diameter			Jadeite disc.  Flaked and then polished.  Probably unfinished bead.
	
73.3124	410	3	0.4 diameter			Half a tiny jadeite disc pierced in center.
	
73.3145	419	3	1.4	1	1.1	Tear drop of jadeite with hole, now broken, drilled at one end.  Hole drilled from both sides.
 	
Pendant
(Total 1)
							
73.3151	423	2	3	2.4	0.5	Small thin pebble with hole pecked from both sides at wider end.  Surface somewhat smoothed from use.
	
Rod
(Total 1)
							
73.3194	436	2	10.5	1.4 diameter		Made of slate with both ends broken off.  Circular cross section tapering to a sub-triangular section towards one end.  A lengthwise groove cut at the narrow end.  Surface has numerous linear scratch marks but is very smooth.
	
Limonite nodules
(Total 3)
							
72.587	54	2	4	1.2		natural cylindrical bar.
	
72.610	55	1	2.2	2		small polished lump.
	
73.3385	396	3	2.6	1.6		domed with flat base, polish on convex surface.