Color Science Thesis
Defense
Improved Colorimetry
Through Fundamental Appearance Scales
Saeedeh Abasi
Color Science Ph.D.
Candidate
Rochester Institute of
Technology
Event
Details:
This dissertation
introduces a new framework for color appearance modeling, referred to as
the Fundamental Color Appearance Model (FCAM). The primary objective of
this work is to develop perceptually meaningful color appearance scales
that are directly derived from cone fundamentals and formulated as
independent one-dimensional scales. Unlike conventional color appearance
models that rely on complex three-dimensional color spaces and extensive
nonlinear processing, FCAM describes color appearance attributes
individually through mathematically simple and physiologically grounded
formulations. FCAM consists of four independent one-dimensional scales:
the Fundamental Hue Scale (FHS), Fundamental Lightness Scale (FLS),
Fundamental Brightness Scale (FBS), and Fundamental Saturation Scale
(FSS). Each scale is derived directly from LMS cone responses and can
incorporate chromatic adaptation in a straightforward manner. This
structure reflects the perceptual independence of color appearance
attributes and avoids assumptions about an underlying multidimensional
geometry. The proposed scales were evaluated using a wide range of
existing psychophysical data sets as well as newly collected experimental
data. Results demonstrate that the fundamental one-dimensional scales
achieve performance that is comparable to, and in some cases exceeds,
that of established and more complex color appearance models. Despite
their simplicity, the proposed scales successfully predict key perceptual
properties such as hue linearity and spacing, lightness and brightness
behavior under varying viewing conditions, and saturation constancy
across hue and luminance changes. An important achievement of this
research is the flexibility of the proposed one-dimensional framework.
Each scale can be optimized independently using new or
application-specific data sets without affecting the remaining
attributes. This modular structure allows FCAM to be adapted to different
observers, viewing conditions, and emerging display technologies while
maintaining computational efficiency and conceptual clarity. Overall,
this dissertation demonstrates that accurate color appearance prediction
does not require highly complex mathematical models. Instead,
perceptually effective and physiologically meaningful color appearance
modeling can be achieved through simple, independent, and adaptable
one-dimensional scales derived directly from cone
fundamentals.
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